Logistics Operations and Management Concepts and Models

Farahani, Reza Zanjirani (2011) Logistics Operations and Management Concepts and Models. USA.

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Abstract

1 Overview 3 Reza Zanjirani Farahani, Shabnam Rezapour, and Laleh Kardar 1.1 History 3 1.2 Definition of Logistics 3 1.2.1 Why Is Logistics Important? 4 1.3 Evolution of Logistics Over Time 4 1.4 Other Logistical Books 5 1.5 The Focus of This Book 5 1.6 Organization 6 1.7 Audiences 8 2 Physical Flows 11 Hannan Sadjady 2.1 The Transportation System 13 2.1.1 Transport Modes and Their Characteristics 13 2.1.2 Other Transport Options 21 2.2 Physical Nature of the Product 24 2.2.1 Volume-to-Weight Ratio 24 2.2.2 Value-to-Weight Ratio 24 2.3 Channels of Distribution 26 2.3.1 Distribution Channels and Their Types 26 2.3.2 Physical Distribution Channel 27 2.4 Warehousing and Storage 30 2.4.1 Warehousing Functions 31 2.4.2 Packaging and Unit Loads 33 2.4.3 Storage and Handling Systems 34 Part II Strategic Issues 41 3 Logistics Strategic Decisions 43 Maryam SteadieSeifi 3.1 Strategy 43 3.2 Strategic Planning 44 3.3 Logistics 45 3.3.1 Logistics Differences to Supply Chain 45 3.4 Logistics Decisions 46 3.4.1 Operational Decisions 46 3.4.2 Tactical Decisions 46 3.4.3 Strategic Decisions 47 3.5 Logistics Planning 47 3.6 Logistics Strategic Decisions 48 3.6.1 Customer Service 48 3.6.2 Logistics Network Design 49 3.6.3 Outsourcing versus Vertical Integration 50 3.7 Tools of Strategic Decision Making 51 3.8 Logistics Strategic Flexibility 52 3.9 Summary 52 4 Logistics Philosophies 55 Zahra Rouhollahi 4.1 Lean Logistics 55 4.1.1 Japanese Philosophy 55 4.1.2 Just-in-Time Philosophy 56 4.1.3 Lean Principles 58 4.1.4 Lean Warehousing: Cross Docking 59 4.2 Agile Logistics 62 4.2.1 Agile versus Lean 63 4.2.2 Quick Response 64 4.2.3 Vendor-Managed Inventory 66 5 Logistics Parties 71 Seyed-Alireza Seyed-Alagheband 5.1 Third-Party Logistics: An Overview 72 5.1.1 Why 3PLs? 72 5.1.2 Definition 73 5.1.3 Emergence of 3PLs 74 5.1.4 Activities of 3PLs 74 5.1.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of 3PL 75 5.1.6 Types of 3PLs 76 5.1.7 2009 3PLs: Results and Findings of the Fourteenth Annual Study 77 5.2 New Generations of Logistics Parties 78 5.2.1 Fourth-Party Logistics 78 5.2.2 Fifth-Party Logistics 80 5.2.3 Future Trends 81 5.2.4 Logistics Vendors 81 5.3 3PLs: Theories and Conceptualizations 83 5.3.1 Outsourcing Decision 83 vi Contents 5.3.2 Selecting the Right 3PL 84 5.3.3 Purchasing 3PL Services 85 5.3.4 Strategic Behavior of 3PLs 86 5.3.5 Theoretical Models 87 5.3.6 A Framework for the Development of an Effective 3PL 88 5.4 Concluding Remarks 90 6 Logistics Future Trends 93 Amir Zakery 6.1 Main Influencing Issues 93 6.1.1 Globalization 93 6.1.2 Information Technology 95 6.1.3 New Technologies 96 6.2 Future Trends in Some Logistics Sectors 97 6.2.1 Future Trends for Inventory Management 98 6.2.2 Global Transportation Issues 99 6.2.3 Future Trends for Warehousing 100 6.3 Future Trends in Technical Reports 101 6.3.1 Future Trends of Logistics in the United Kingdom 101 6.3.2 Thinner Margins in the Industry: A Chance to Improve for Shippers 102 6.3.3 Third-Party Logistics Maturing Quickly 103 6.3.4 Strategic Shift Toward Redesigning Logistics Networks 103 6.3.5 Need for Broader Range of Logistics Services 103 6.3.6 Five Influencing Factors in the Future of European Logistics 103 6.3.7 Five Trends Supporting Logistics Success in China 104 Part III Tactical and Operational Issues 107 7 Transportation 109 Zohreh Khooban 7.1 Basic Aspects in Transportation Systems 109 7.1.1 The Role of Transportation in Logistics 109 7.1.2 Transportation Participants 110 7.1.3 Delivery Frequency System 111 7.1.4 Long-Haul Consolidated Freight Transportation 113 7.2 Classification of Transportation Problems 114 7.2.1 Planning Levels 115 7.2.2 Variants of the Standard of TPs 116 7.2.3 Carrier Decision-Making Problems 119 7.2.4 Shipper Decision-Making Problems 122 7.3 Case Study: An Application of Cost Analyses for Different Transportation Modes in Turkey 124 Contents vii 8 The Vehicle-Routing Problem 127 Farzaneh Daneshzand 8.1 Definitions and Applications 127 8.2 Basic VRP Variants 127 8.2.1 The Capacitated VRP 128 8.2.2 Distance-Constrained and Capacitated VRP 130 8.2.3 VRP with Time Windows 131 8.2.4 VRP with Backhauls 132 8.2.5 VRP with Pickup and Delivery 134 8.3 Solution Techniques for Basic VRP Variants 136 8.4 Other Variants of VRP 137 8.4.1 Open VRP 137 8.4.2 Multidepot VRP 138 8.4.3 Mix Fleet VRP 138 8.4.4 Split-Delivery VRP 139 8.4.5 Periodic VRP 141 8.4.6 Stochastic VRP 142 8.4.7 Fuzzy VRP 143 8.5 Case Studies 143 8.5.1 The Product Distribution of a Dairy and Construction Company 143 8.5.2 The Collection of Urban Recyclable Waste 145 9 Packaging and Material Handling 155 Mahsa Parvini 9.1 Material Handling 155 9.1.1 History 155 9.1.2 Definition 155 9.1.3 MH Principles 157 9.1.4 MH Equipment 158 9.1.5 Unit-Load Design 160 9.1.6 Designing MH Systems 161 9.1.7 MH Costs 164 9.1.8 MH System Models 166 9.2 Packaging 169 9.2.1 History 169 9.2.2 Definition 169 9.2.3 Functions of Packaging 169 9.2.4 Packaging Operations 171 9.2.5 Packaging Equipment 171 9.2.6 Labeling 172 9.2.7 Protection Packaging 174 9.2.8 Packaging for Distribution Efficiency 175 9.2.9 Packaging Costs 176 9.2.10 Packaging Models 177 9.3 Case Study 177 viii Contents 10 Storage, Warehousing, and Inventory Management 181 Maryam Abbasi 10.1 The Reasons for Storage Inventory 181 10.2 The Role of Distribution Centers and Warehouses in Logistics 181 10.3 Warehouse Location 182 10.4 Warehouse Design 183 10.4.1 Size of Warehouse 183 10.4.2 Storage Policies 183 10.5 Types of Warehouses 184 10.6 Warehouse Components 185 10.7 Warehouse Tasks and Activities 186 10.7.1 Material Flow in Warehouse 186 10.7.2 Order Picking 186 10.8 Inventory Management 188 10.8.1 Types of Inventory 188 10.8.2 Costs of Inventory 188 10.8.3 Inventory Control 189 10.9 Virtual Warehouses 195 11 Customer Service 199 Samira Fallah 11.1 Customer-Service Definition 199 11.1.1 Customer Service as an Organizational Activity 199 11.1.2 Customer Service as a Process 199 11.1.3 Customer Service from the Customer’s Side 199 11.1.4 How Experts Define Customer Service? 200 11.1.5 Defining Customer Service in Logistics Context 200 11.2 What Is Behind the Growing Importance of Customer Service? 200 11.2.1 Customer Service: The Intangible Part of a Product 200 11.2.2 Costs of Attracting New Customers 201 11.2.3 Customer Service, Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty 201 11.2.4 Customers as a Means of Marketing 201 11.2.5 Customer Service and Organization Excellence 202 11.2.6 Customer Service and Staff Job Satisfaction 202 11.3 Customer-Service Elements 202 11.3.1 Pretransaction Elements 203 11.3.2 Transaction Elements 203 11.3.3 Post transaction Elements 204 11.4 Order-Cycle Time 204 11.4.1 Order Preparation and Transmittal 205 11.4.2 Order Processing 205 11.4.3 Order Picking and Packing 206 11.4.4 Order Transportation and Delivery 206 11.5 Developing a Policy for Customer Service 206 11.5.1 Important Points 206 Contents ix 11.5.2 Steps for Developing Customer-Service Policy 207 11.5.3 A Case Study on Customer Segmentation Based on Customer-Service Elements 209 11.5.4 Setting Customer-Service Level 212 11.6 Measuring Customer-Service Performance 215 Part IV Special Areas and Philosophies 219 12 Logistics System: Information and Communication Technology 221 Shokoofeh Asadi 12.1 The Importance of Information in Logistics 221 12.2 Logistic Information System 222 12.2.1 Information Flow 222 12.2.2 A LISs’ Functionality Levels 223 12.2.3 Role of Information in Logistics System Operation and Performance 224 12.2.4 LIS Structure 227 12.2.5 System Modules 230 12.2.6 LIS Characteristics 232 12.3 Logistics Information and Communication Technology 233 12.3.1 Data-Handling Hardware (Data Collection and Data Identification) 234 12.3.2 Positioning 237 12.3.3 Communication, Networks, and Data Exchange 238 12.4 Conclusion 244 13 Reverse Logistics 247 Masoomeh Jamshidi 13.1 The Literature on RL 248 13.1.1 General Summaries and Basic RL Concepts 248 13.1.2 Research on Quantitative Approaches 249 13.1.3 Studies of Logistical Topics 250 13.1.4 Company Profiles 250 13.1.5 RL Applications 251 13.2 Review of Various Aspects of RL 251 13.2.1 Driving Forces Behind RL 251 13.2.2 Reasons for Return 252 13.2.3 Types and Characteristics of Returned Products 252 13.2.4 RL Processes 254 13.2.5 RL Actors 255 13.3 Information Technology for RL 256 13.4 RL and Vehicle Routing 256 x Contents 13.5 Quantitative Models for RL 257 13.5.1 Reverse Distribution 257 13.5.2 Inventory Control Systems with Return Flows 260 13.5.3 Production Planning with Reuse 263 13.6 Classification of Product Recovery Networks 263 14 Retail Logistics 267 Hamid Afshari and Fatemeh Hajipouran Benam 14.1 Overview 267 14.1.1 Introduction 267 14.1.2 Retail Strategy 268 14.1.3 Goods and Service Retailing 269 14.1.4 Factors That Affect International Retailing 269 14.1.5 Information Flow in a Retail Distribution Channel 270 14.1.6 The World’s Top Retailers 271 14.2 Typology 271 14.2.1 Introduction 271 14.2.2 Ownership Institution 272 14.2.3 Store-Based Strategy Mix Institution 273 14.2.4 Nonstore-Based Institution 275 14.2.5 Types of Locations 275 14.3 Techniques 276 14.3.1 Location and Site Evaluation 276 14.3.2 Human Resource Management 282 14.3.3 Pricing in Retailing 283 14.3.4 Customer Satisfaction in Retailing 284 14.3.5 World Retail Congress 284 14.4 Future Trends 284 14.5 Case Study 285 14.5.1 History of Russian Retail Chains 285 14.5.2 Conventional Food Retailing with a Spotlight on Differentiation 286 15 Humanitarian Logistics Planning in Disaster Relief Operations 291 Ehsan Nikbakhsh and Reza Zanjirani Farahani 15.1 Introduction 291 15.2 Disasters 292 15.2.1 Classification of Disasters 292 15.2.2 Effects of Disasters on Nations 294 15.3 Disaster Management System Cycle 296 15.3.1 Mitigation 297 15.3.2 Preparedness 297 Contents xi 15.3.3 Response 299 15.3.4 Recovery 299 15.4 Humanitarian Logistics 299 15.4.1 Humanitarian Logistics Systems Versus Commercial Supply Chains 300 15.4.2 Humanitarian Logistics Chain Structure 301 15.4.3 Required Items and Equipments in Humanitarian Logistics 302 15.5 Humanitarian Logistics Problems 303 15.5.1 Location Models 304 15.5.2 Transportation and Distribution Models 307 15.5.3 Inventory Models 310 15.5.4 Integrated Logistics Models 312 15.6 Coordination of Humanitarian Logistics Systems 315 15.6.1 Supply Chain Coordination 316 15.6.2 Important Factors in Coordinating Humanitarian Logistics Operations 316 15.6.3 Humanitarian Coordination Mechanisms 318 15.7 Performance Measurement of Humanitarian Logistics Systems 319 15.8 Case Studies and Learned Lessons 322 15.8.1 The Yogyakarta Earthquake, 2006 322 15.8.2 Hurricane Katrina, 2005 323 15.8.3 Asian Tsunami, 2004 324 15.9 Conclusion 325 16 Freight-Transportation Externalities 333 Fatemeh Ranaiefar and Amelia Regan 16.1 Introduction 333 16.2 Freight-Transportation Trends and Costs 334 16.3 Over-the-Road Freight-Transportation Externalities 336 16.3.1 Air Pollution 338 16.3.2 Global Climate Change 341 16.3.3 Noise Pollution 342 16.3.4 Congestion 344 16.3.5 Accidents 344 16.3.6 Construction and Maintenance 346 16.4 Policies to Reduce Externalities 346 16.4.1 Urban Freight Strategies 347 16.4.2 Vehicle-Technology Improvements 348 16.4.3 Intelligent Transportation Systems 348 16.4.4 Pricing Strategies 350 16.4.5 Intermodal Transportation 352 16.4.6 Strategies to Reduce Empty Travel 353 16.5 Conclusion 354 xii Contents 17 Robust Optimization of Uncertain Logistics Networks 359 Sara Hosseini and Wout Dullaert 17.1 A Literature Review on RO 360 17.2 Optimization Under Uncertainty 361 17.2.1 Uncertainties in the Logistics Networks 361 17.2.2 Optimization Approaches Under Uncertainties 362 17.2.3 Robust Optimization 362 17.3 RO of Logistics Networks 364 17.3.1 A Variability Formation of RO for the General Logistics Problem 364 17.3.2 A Regret Formation of RO for the Logistic Center Location and Allocation 366 17.3.3 A Min-Max Formation of RO for Road Networks 368 17.4 Challenges of RO 369 18 Integration in Logistics Planning and Optimization 371 Behnam Fahimnia, Reza Molaei, and Mohammad Hassan Ebrahimi 18.1 Logistics Planning and Optimization Problem 371 18.2 Significance of Integrated LP 373 18.2.1 Profitability 373 18.2.2 Quicker Response to Market Changes 373 18.3 Issues in Integrated LP 373 18.4 An Integrated LP Model 374 18.4.1 Key Performance Indicators 375 18.4.2 Assumptions 375 18.4.3 Parameters and Decision Variables 376 18.4.4 Objective Function and Model Constraints 377 18.5 Optimization Tools and Techniques 380 18.5.1 Mathematical Techniques 380 18.5.2 Heuristic Techniques 381 18.5.3 Simulation Modeling 382 18.5.4 Genetic Algorithms 382 18.6 A Case Study 383 18.6.1 Case Problem 383 18.6.2 Optimization Procedure 384 18.6.3 Results Achieved 385 19 Optimization in Natural Gas Network Planning 393 Maryam Hamedi, Reza Zanjirani Farahani, and Gholamreza Esmaeilian 19.1 Introduction 393 19.1.1 Natural Gas Network Modeling 393 19.1.2 Natural Gas Network Introducing 394 19.2 Natural Gas Network Problems 398 19.2.1 Formulating 398 Contents xiii 19.2.2 Optimization 399 19.2.3 Model Characteristics 403 19.2.4 Types of Methods 405 19.3 Survey on Application of Optimization 408 19.3.1 Subnetworks 408 19.3.2 Main Problems 410 19.3.3 Mathematical Models Classifications 412 19.4 Case Studies 416 19.4.1 Case 1: Optimization of Planning in the Natural Gas Supply Chain 417 19.4.2 Case 2: Optimization of a Multiobjective Natural Gas Production Planning 417 19.5 Conclusions and Directions for Further Research 418 20 Risk Management in Gas Networks: A Survey 421 Reza Zanjirani Farahani, Mohammad Bakhshayeshi Baygi, and Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi 20.1 Structure of Gas Networks 421 20.2 The Vulnerabilities and Risks of Gas Networks 423 20.2.1 Why Is Risk Investigation Important? 423 20.2.2 What Are the Vulnerabilities and Risks of Gas Networks? 424 20.3 How to Manage Risks in Gas Networks? 430 20.3.1 Valuating Key Asset and Estimating Losses 431 20.3.2 Identifying and Describing Vulnerabilities and Threats 431 20.3.3 Performing Risk Assessments 433 20.3.4 Developing Applicable Risk-Abatement Options 435 20.3.5 Analyzing Options to Select Cost-Effective Ones 436 20.3.6 Implementing Chosen Activities 437 21 Modeling the Energy Freight-Transportation Network 441 Mohsen Rajabi 21.1 Introduction 441 21.1.1 Energy in the World 441 21.1.2 The Importance of Energy Around the World 442 21.1.3 Energy Freight Transportation 444 21.2 Energy Freight-Transportation Network 449 21.2.1 Application of Energy Freight-Transportation Models 449 21.2.2 Energy Freight-Transportation Network 450 21.2.3 Classifications of Energy Freight-Transportation Networks 451 21.2.4 Introducing the Energy Freight-Transportation Network Models 453 21.3 Case Studies 461 21.3.1 Case: A Pricing Mechanism for Determining the Transportation Rates 461 21.4 Conclusions and Directions for Further Research 464

Item Type:	Book
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email [email protected]
Date Deposited:	16 May 2023 06:56
Last Modified:	16 May 2023 06:56
URI:	http://eprint.ulbi.ac.id/id/eprint/1863

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